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Save the mother save the child, new study finds

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Children of parents who have suffered abuse are more likely to suffer the same fate, supporting female survivors of childhood maltreatment is therefore critical to break the cycle, a new study has found.

Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Channel 7 Children’s Research Foundation, the study found that 83% of cases of substantiated child maltreatment were the children of mothers with a history of child protection contact.

The study also showed that children had experienced maltreatment by the age of 12.

Using a large linked data set from the internationally recognised iCAN study, 38,556 mother-child pairs were interviewed – some of whom had experienced abuse and some who had not – based on SA child protection data.

The children of mothers exposed to substantiated maltreatment and removal into out-of-home care were at greatest risk of child maltreatment, with 14 times the risk of experiencing substantiated maltreatment, and 26 times the risk of being removed, reflecting extreme child protection concerns. 

University of South Australia lead investigator professor Leonie Segal, says the findings highlight the urgent need to do more to help these children and families – from early in life into adulthood – not just for their own well-being, but also as an intervention opportunity to protect their unborn children and future generations.

Professor Leonie Segal, University of South Australia

“The results are especially concerning given the generally poor outcomes for victims of child abuse or neglect across multiple health and social domains,” Prof Segal says.

“Abused children often grow into adults with poor impulse control, a heightened sense of shame, an over-alertness to threat, easily triggered, with extreme levels of distress that can result in early substance use and mental illness, compounding harms.

“When these children become parents, their capacity for compassion or trust can be impaired, they often cannot see the needs of their own children, and can find it extremely difficult to provide the nurturing parenting that they would so want to offer. 

“Our results are consistent with well-described biological mechanisms for intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment, through the lasting impacts of assault or neglect, altered brain development and disturbed relational patterning, strongly suggesting the observed associations are causal, and at least partly preventable. 

“Children and parents need help. Healing their trauma is an ethical imperative, but also offers large health and economic payoffs to families and the wider community.

“The increased risk of child abuse and neglect among children whose mothers have experienced maltreatment themselves as children, is extreme and too significant to ignore – and they are already known to the service system.

“If only we could disrupt the intergenerational transmission pathway, we could prevent the lion’s share of child maltreatment and turn around the life trajectories of our most vulnerable children and offer protection to future generations.”

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